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MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT
AMONG
THE FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY,
THE NEW YORKSTATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE,
THE NEW YORKSTATE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OFFICE,
THE ADVISORY COUNCIL ON HISTORIC PRESERVATION, AND
THE TOWN OF PHILIPSTOWN
REGARDING A SECTION 406 HAZARD MITIGATION PROPOSAL FOR
THE OLD ALBANY POST ROAD,
TOWN OF PHILIPSTOWN, PUTNAM COUNTY, NEW YORK
WHEREAS, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) of the Department of Homeland Security, pursuant to Section 406 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. §§ 5121-5206) and implementing regulations in Title 44 of the Code of Federal Regulations (44 CFR) Part 206, proposes to provide assistance to the Town of Philipstown, Putnam County, New York (Sub-grantee), through the New York State Emergency Management Office (SEMO), to mitigate[1] damage to the Old Albany Post Road-Philipstown Section (Road) located in the town of Philipstown, Putnam County, New York (Undertaking) during storms that occurred April 14-18, 2007, and resulted in Presidential Disaster Declaration DR-1692-NY; and
WHEREAS, a 6.6-mile portion of the Road was listed in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on July 8, 1982; and
WHEREAS, the Sub-grantee submitted a request for funding under the FEMA Public Assistance (PA) Program that proposed repairing damages and restoring the Road to pre-existing conditions and FEMA’s review of this project resulted in a finding of No Adverse Effect, with which the New York State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) concurred; and FEMA provided funding for this project that consisted of filling the scoured sections of the road surface with gravel and grading to restore the road surface to pre-disaster design, function, and appearance; and
[1] The fields of historic preservation and emergency management use the word “mitigation” in different ways. Under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, mitigation generally refers to measures proposed to offset an undertaking’s adverse effect on significant historic or cultural resources. Under Section 406 of the Stafford Act, mitigation refers to measures undertaken to reduce or eliminate the threat of future similar damage to a facility damaged during a disaster. (FEMA’s regulations require that the measures apply directly to, and mitigate future damages to, the damaged facility; that policy prevents the consideration of alternatives that include off-site components for their effectiveness.) For purposes of clarity, this document will use the terms “Section 106” and “Section 406” to distinguish between historic preservation mitigation measures and emergency or hazard mitigation measures, respectively
WHEREAS, the Sub-grantee also requested Section 406 mitigation funding under the FEMA PA Program in order to prevent recurring damage due to drainage of the Road and address the safety and emergency issues that arise when the Road is eroded, and as part of its Section 406 mitigation project initially proposed: to add catch basins along the Road’s shoulder for a distance of 1,100 feet north of the intersection of the Road and Sprout Brook Road; to pave the Road with asphalt and integral asphalt curbing on both sides for a distance of approximately 450 feet north of the edge of existing paving; to widen the Road from a current average width of 18 feet to a width from between 20 and 22 feet at certain portions; to realign the Road by straightening existing curves; and to remove an unspecified amount of mature roadside vegetation and a portion of a large boulder around which the Road was originally constructed; and
WHEREAS, the Area of Potential Effect (APE) for the Undertaking encompasses the Road and its right of way that was designated as the historic property’s boundary in the Road’s NRHP nomination, for a distance of 1,100 feet north of the intersection of the Road and Sprout Brook Road, because of the potential of additional drainage work proposed by the Sub-grantee; and
WHEREAS, FEMA determined in correspondence to the SHPO on February 21, 2008 that the Undertaking would result in adverse effects on the Road; and the SHPO concurred in its March 17, 2008 response; and
WHEREAS, information about the Undertaking has been made available in local repositories and through public announcement and the Consulting Parties have conducted site visits, held meetings to discuss the Undertaking, considered prudent and feasible project alternatives and revised the Undertaking accordingly, identified measures that would reduce the Undertaking’s impact on historic resources, and memorialized revisions and measures in this Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) to avoid, minimize, and mitigate (under Section 106) the effects of the Undertaking, and have concluded coordination under the Section 106 consultation process; and
WHEREAS, the junction of the Road and Sprout Brook Road is located in an area determined by the SHPO to be archeologically sensitive; and FEMA has determined that historic and prehistoric archeological resources may be present within the area physically affected by the Undertaking, but has additionally determined that the wheel paths of the roadbed have been disturbed by repeated erosion, scour, and repair; and
WHEREAS, the Consulting parties concur that, due to the particulars of location, grade, and associated drainage issues that are specific to this portion of the Road and that are identified in the report entitled Recommendations for the Maintenance of Old Albany Post Road (PSU Report) prepared by the Penn State Center for Dirt and Gravel Road Studies (Appendix A), the roadway requires unique consideration of Section 406 mitigation and further, the resulting Undertaking requires the unique treatment measures encompassed by this MOA; and while they further concur that these unique 406 mitigation and treatment measures do not necessarily apply to the remaining portion of the Road that is listed in the NRHP, the PSU Report may provide useful information for those interested in the Road’s history and protection in the future; and
WHEREAS, the SHPO has participated in the consultation for the Undertaking and has executed this MOA as a Signatory Party with the understanding that it will approve the final project plans and specifications (scopes of work) for the Undertaking and the protocols for archaeological testing and monitoring, in consultation with the Signatory parties and as outlined in Stipulations I.B and III of this MOA, prior to the commencement of construction and that the Undertaking may not commence without that approval; and
WHEREAS, the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) has participated in this consultation and has executed this MOA as a Signatory Party; and
WHEREAS, SEMO, as the Grantee, has participated in this consultation and FEMA has invited SEMO to execute this MOA as a Signatory Party; and
WHEREAS, the Town of Philipstown, as the Sub-grantee, has participated in this consultation and will be conducting the Undertaking in accordance with the terms of the Stipulations of this MOA, and FEMA has invited the Sub-grantee to execute this MOA as a Signatory Party; and
WHEREAS, the Old Road Society of Philipstown (ORSP), a local historic organization, has participated in this consultation and has signed this MOA as a Concurring Party;
NOW, THEREFORE, FEMA, SHPO, SEMO, ACHP, the Sub-grantee, and ORSP (Consulting Parties) agree that the Undertaking will be implemented in accordance with the following Stipulations that take into account the effects of the Undertaking on historic properties and satisfy FEMA’s Section 106 responsibilities for the Undertaking.
STIPULATIONS
To the extent of its legal authority and in coordination with SHPO, SEMO, ACHP, the Sub-grantee, and ORSP, FEMA will require that the following measures that avoid, minimize, or mitigate the effects of the Undertaking, as provided by Section 106, are implemented:
I. MINIMIZATION OF ADVERSE EFFECTS
A. FEMA and the other Consulting Parties identified the following project specifications with which the adverse effects of the Undertaking would be minimized to the greatest extent possible, given the overlapping needs to provide hazard mitigation to protect the Road from future damage; to protect the public; and to preserve the character-defining features of the Road.
B. Review of Project Design and Specifications
II. MITIGATION OF ADVERSE EFFECTS UNDER SECTION 106 OF THE NHPA
A. Prior to the Sub-grantee’s implementation of the Undertaking as described in Stipulation I, FEMA will digitally photograph all historic features of the Road that may be demolished or altered by the Undertaking. The recordation will be performed by or under the direct supervision of an individual who meets the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualification Standards (48 FR 44716, Sept. 1983) for History, Architectural History, Architecture, or Historic Architecture. The digital photography must comply with the following requirements from the National Archives and Records Administration’s (NARA’s) guidance to supplement requirements in 36 CFR 1228.270 for transferring permanent electronic records to NARA.
B. FEMA will conduct a Historic Resource Study (Study) of the 6.6-mile length of the Road that is listed in the NRHP. The Study will provide an enhanced historic context to better understand the thematic trends or patterns of development of the Road over time; will assess the Road’s historic integrity; and will identify extant features of the Road that are located on and adjacent to the NRHP portion of the Road. The Study will be designed to enhance the community’s understanding of the significance of the Road and the features that make it eligible for listing in the NRHP.
III. ARCHEOLOGICAL TESTING AND MONITORING
A. Upon receipt of the preliminary project plans and specifications for the Undertaking submitted by the Sub-grantee through SEMO, FEMA will implement an archaeological field-testing protocol (Field Protocol) to define how archeological testing will occur within the APE of the Undertaking.
B. Upon receipt of the preliminary project plans and specifications for the Undertaking submitted by the Sub-grantee through SEMO, FEMA will develop an archaeological field monitoring protocol (Monitoring Protocol) to define how archeological monitoring would occur to observe specific construction activities associated with the Undertaking that are likely to cause ground disturbance.
IV. DISCOVERIES AND UNFORESEEN EFFECTS
A. The Sub-grantee’s construction activities and contracts will require the Sub-grantee and its contractors to exercise care in all excavation activities, and to be alert to any indication of prehistoric archaeological deposits or concentrated historical building materials, i.e., Native American materials, foundations, privies, collections of refuse, etc. If in the course of the Undertaking intact archaeological materials are uncovered, the Sub-grantee shall ensure that it or its contractor immediately stop work near the discovery and take all reasonable measures to avoid or minimize harm to the finds. The Sub-grantee shall ensure that the archaeological findings are secured and access to the area of the discovery is restricted until the consultation described below is completed.
B. The Sub-grantee will notify FEMA through SEMO of a discovery or an unforeseen effect as soon as practicable and will e-mail digital photographs of the discovery or unforeseen effect with the notification. FEMA will notify and consult with SHPO to determine if further steps to minimize effects on the Road or to evaluate the National Register eligibility of the discovery and identify its treatment are necessary. FEMA will provide the Sub-grantee, SEMO, and ORSP the opportunity to participate in this consultation. FEMA may, in consultation with the SHPO, assume that a newly discovered property is eligible for the National Register for purposes of this MOA. FEMA and the SHPO will conclude this consultation if the discovery does not contain human remains and FEMA and the SHPO determine that the discovery is not eligible for the National Register or FEMA and the SHPO determine that the unforeseen effect will not adversely affect a historic property, and FEMA will notify the Sub-grantee that work may be resumed in the area of the discovery or unforeseen effect.
C. If FEMA and the SHPO determine that further steps are necessary to evaluate or treat the unforeseen effect or the newly discovered property and it does not contain human remains, FEMA shall work with SHPO, SEMO, and the Sub-grantee to agree on timeframes and determine ways to avoid, minimize, or mitigate under Section 106 any adverse effects. Upon request from any Consulting Party, to review the situation, FEMA will arrange for such a meeting. At the conclusion of this consultation, FEMA will provide all parties that participated in the discovery consultation with a written summary of the consultation and its resolution. This summary may be provided by e-mail.
D. If human skeletal remains are uncovered during the Undertaking, the Sub-grantee first will immediately notify the Putnam County Sheriff’s Office and/or the Putnam County Coroner’s Office and then shall notify FEMA and SEMO. The local law enforcement officials shall assess the nature and age of the human skeletal remains. FEMA will coordinate with SHPO and ORSP and shall ensure that the SHPO’s Historic Remains Discovery Protocol is followed and that notice of the discovery is given to SHPO by contacting its Archeology Unit at 518-237-8643 within seventy-two hours of the discovery. FEMA shall take the lead in working with SHPO, Indian tribes, the Sub-grantee, and SEMO to ensure compliance with applicable state and federal laws and this MOA. In addition, FEMA shall require that the guidelines contained in the ACHP’s 2007 “Policy Statement Regarding Burial Sites, Human Remains, and Funerary Objects” or any subsequent Policy Statements that are issued after the execution of this MOA are followed.
V. ANTICIPATORY ACTIONS
FEMA will not grant assistance to the Sub-grantee should it, with intent to avoid the requirements of this MOA or Section 106 of the NHPA, significantly adversely affect those portions of the Road to which this assistance is related.
VI. DISPUTE RESOLUTION
A. Should any Consulting Party object to FEMA in writing within five business days of receipt of any plans, specifications, or actions provided for review under this MOA, FEMA shall notify the Consulting Parties and consult further with the objecting party and the Consulting Parties to seek resolution.
B. If FEMA determines that the dispute cannot be resolved, FEMA shall forward its proposed course of action and all relevant documentation to the ACHP. Within twenty business days after receipt of the documentation the ACHP will:
C. If the ACHP does not provide FEMA with comments or recommendations within twenty business days, FEMA may assume that the ACHP does not object to its recommended approach and it shall proceed accordingly.
D. Any recommendation or comment provided by ACHP shall be understood to pertain only to the subject of the dispute, and FEMA’s responsibilities to fulfill all actions that are not subject of the dispute shall remain unchanged
E. Any dispute regarding National Register eligibility will be resolved in accordance with 36 CFR § 800.4(c)(2).
VII. AMENDMENTS, TERMINATION, AND COMPLIANCE
A. If the Sub-grantee determines that it is not feasible to complete the Undertaking or fulfill the requirements of this MOA, the Sub-grantee will immediately notify FEMA in writing of this determination through SEMO, and FEMA shall notify the SHPO and the Advisory Council. Within 21 days of the notice, FEMA will meet with the other Consulting Parties, in person or by telephone, to determine if the MOA must be amended or terminated, and proceed accordingly.
B. Any Signatory Party may request in writing that the MOA be amended or terminated. Within 21 days of such a request, FEMA will initiate consultation with the Consulting Parties, in person or by telephone, to consider this request. The Parties will make a good faith effort to amend the MOA prior to any party taking steps to terminate it. The MOA may be amended only upon the written agreement of all Signatories, and the process will comply with 36 CFR § 800.6(c)(7).
C. If the MOA is not amended, the Signatory Parties may terminate the MOA by providing a 30-day written notice to the other Consulting Parties. These Parties will consult during this 30-day time frame to seek amendments or other actions that would prevent termination. Should consultation fail, FEMA will promptly notify the other Parties in writing of termination pursuant to 36 CFR 800.7(a) and refer the matter to the ACHP for comment pursuant to 36 CFR 800.7(c). This MOA may be terminated without further consultation by execution by the Signatory Parties of a subsequent agreement that explicitly terminates or supersedes this MOA.
D. The Sub-grantee will not initiate construction, drainage, or other activities before complying with applicable terms of this MOA. Failure by the Sub-grantee to fulfill its responsibilities under this MOA will jeopardize FEMA assistance for this Undertaking.
VIII. DURATION
Unless amended or terminated in accordance with Stipulation VII, this MOA will remain in effect through December 31, 2014, or until FEMA determines that the Stipulations of the MOA have been satisfactorily fulfilled. The Sub-grantee will notify FEMA through SEMO when the Undertaking is completed, and FEMA will notify the Consulting Parties by mail or e-mail when it determines that the Stipulations of this MOA have been fulfilled.
IX. EFFECTIVE DATE AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MOA
This MOA shall become effective immediately upon signature by all Signatory Parties. FEMA shall provide each Signatory and Concurring Party with a complete copy of the MOA including all executed signature pages.
EXECUTION AND IMPLEMENTATION of this MOA evidences that FEMA has afforded ACHP a reasonable opportunity to comment on the Undertaking and its effects on historic properties, that FEMA has taken into account the effects of the Undertaking on historic properties, and that FEMA has satisfied its responsibilities under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and applicable implementing regulations. Moreover, execution and implementation of this MOA by New YorkState agencies evidences that those agencies have concluded their consultation under Section 14.09 of the New YorkState Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation Law.
SIGNATORY PARTIES:
DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
Michael F. Moriarty, Acting Regional Administrator
NEW YORKSTATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE
Ruth Pierpont, DeputyState Historic Preservation Officer
NEW YORKSTATE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OFFICE
John A. Agostino, Alternate Governor’s Authorized Representative
ADVISORY COUNCIL ON HISTORIC PRESERVATION
John M. Fowler, Executive Director
TOWN OF PHILIPSTOWN
Richard Shea, Deputy Town Supervisor
CONCURRING PARTY:
THE OLD ROAD SOCIETY OF PHILIPSTOWN
Howard Kaplowitz, President
APPENDIX A
Recommendations for the Maintenance of Old Albany Post Road
Compiled by Tim Ziegler, Field Operations Specialist, PennStateCenter for Dirt and Gravel Road Studies (Center)
COVER LETTER
January 9, 2009
Mr. Howard Kaplowitz, President
Old Road Society of Philipstown
1051 Old Albany Post Road
Garrison, NY 10524
Dear Howard,
This letter is in reference to my visit on 10/7/08 to assess the stormwater situation and provide technical advice regarding the maintenance of Old Albany Post Road in Philipstown, New York. On that day I had the opportunity to make site observations on a stretch of road extending from the intersection of Indian Trail Road on the north end to Sprout Brook Road on the south end. My primary focus was to view the road drainage practices used on the road and compare them to the practices adopted and used by Pennsylvania’s successful Dirt and Gravel Road Maintenance Program (see the attachment with program details).
In order to best understand why particular practices are presently used, and to make recommendations regarding potential changes to a maintenance scheme, it is necessary to gather as much historical, political, geological and practical background as possible. I fully understand that this would be impossible to do in the timeframe that I have allotted to review this road. However, based on my knowledge of unpaved road maintenance and the collective knowledge of the staff at the Center for Dirt and Gravel Roads, my observations did lead to a few maintenance recommendations that should be considered.
Attached to this letter is a summary of my notes from October 7, 2008. In the notes I make observations and recommendations based on site evaluations of the road and the surrounding road corridor, as well as from discussions with road maintenance personnel, citizens groups, and individuals that live along the road. In addition to my notes of 10/7 I have also enclosed reference material for those who are interested.
While I am probably overstepping my bounds here, it is my belief that open dialog and community cooperation is a big part of resolving challenges such as the current situation on Old Albany Post Road. The majority of the interests of all of the groups and individuals involved could likely be met, so long as all of those involved are willing to listen to, to try to understand, and to compromise with those of opposing viewpoints.
I hope you find the attached summary and recommendations helpful.
Sincerely,
Tim Ziegler
RECOMMENDATIONS
I was invited to Putnam County, New York at the request of the Old Road Society of Philipstown, who covered the cost of my travel and consultation fee. However, it should be understood that regardless of the financial sponsor of my trip, my evaluation and recommendations are unbiased and are representative of the same technical advice that would be given to municipal road maintenance professionals and conservation district staff involved in Pennsylvania’s Dirt and Gravel Road Maintenance Program.
On the morning of Tuesday, October 7, 2008 a group of twenty or more concerned citizens met at the southern end of Old Albany Post Road. Among those present were myself, members of the Old Road Society of Philipstown, municipal officials from the Town of Philipstown, a representative of FEMA, and residents from the immediate area. The primary issue concerning the group involved conflicting opinions on whether or not to pave a 450’ section of road up-slope of the stream crossing near the intersection with Sprout Brook Road.
The Environmentally Sensitive Maintenance Practices recommended here are proven maintenance techniques that both reduce sediment pollution and reduce the cost and frequency of road maintenance on unpaved roads. These practices have been used successfully on over 18,000 project sites throughout the seven different geologic regions of Pennsylvania, including counties along Pennsylvania’s northern tier that are similar geologically and topographically to Putnam County, New York. In addition, these practices are not unique to PA, and many of these techniques are routinely used by transportation agencies across the country. For further information regarding Environmentally Sensitive Maintenance Practices, Pennsylvania’s Dirt and Gravel Road Maintenance Program, or the Center for Dirt and Gravel Road Studies go to www.dirtandgravelroads.org or call toll free at 866-668-6683.
The five main principles of ESMPs on unpaved roads are:
The following pages outline a list of recommendations for the maintenance of Old Albany Post Road in the Town of Philipstown, New York using Environmentally Sensitive Maintenance Practices (ESMPs), based on site evaluations made on October 7, 2008. Site knowledge and input was gathered from all of those present and information was gathered from adjacent landowners when possible.
Section Number 1 – The unpaved portion of Old Albany Post Road up-slope of the intersection with Sprout Brook Road through to the intersection with Upland Drive.
Surface stabilization and urban style stormwater management is recommended for this section of the road for the following reasons:
Surface stabilization with urban style storm sewers (interconnected catch basins) is the logical option for the 450’ section of unpaved road up-slope of the Sprout Brook Road intersection. While the most common form of road surface stabilization is asphalt pavement, which is the option currently favored by the town, other stabilization methods can be used to harden the wearing course of an unpaved road in order to resist erosion. The Center for Dirt and Gravel Road Studies does not advocate specific commercial products, nor does the Center do extensive durability testing on commercial products, but instead identifies classifications of products and materials as “non-polluting”, or environmentally safe, for use in unpaved road maintenance.
A representative of Soilworks, LLC has contacted PennState and the Old Road Society regarding an environmentally safe copolymer product (Soiltac) designed to stabilize and solidify the existing aggregate surface. Used correctly, polymer stabilizers will create a hard/erosion resistant driving surface that maintains crown on unpaved roads, and may provide an economical option to paving. Representatives of Soilworks, LLC incorporated their product with surface material samples taken from Old Albany Post Road in laboratory tests and feel strongly that this product will create a durable driving surface that will maintain its shape and elevation. According to company representatives a mixture of their copolymer and the surface aggregate will form a hard material that provides traction and will form hard ditches and aprons around catch basins. Recently PennState began reviewing product data to potentially include the Soiltac product on its list of Approved Products for the PA Dirt and Gravel Road Maintenance Program. Depending on the economics, especially during times of skyrocketing oil prices, the use of this, or other alternative stabilization practices, may be a way the Town of Philipstown can address the various concerns of local residents, state regulatory agencies, and town budget managers.
In this section, the initial ~250’ stretch up-slope of the bridge at Sprout Brook Road lays at an elevation that has seen previous flooding and may very well flood again if driveway culverts on the adjacent stream are not correctly sized and installed to handle significant future flood events, especially with continued residential development upstream.
While flood damage to hard surface roads is generally more severe when the flow runs across the road and less severe when the flow runs with the road (as is the case on this road), I would still recommend that the driveway culverts be addressed as part of a comprehensive upgrade/repair plan. Left unaddressed, it is likely that these pipes will again be an issue, and may create a situation that has the potential to damage any upgrades made to the road.
Section Number 2 – The portion of Old Albany Post Road from Upland Drive through to Indian Trail Road.
While I recommend surface stabilization, on the .1 mile length of road in Section Number 1, it is not necessary to harden the surface of the remaining unpaved portion of Old Albany Post Road with pavement or alternative methods in order to reduce sediment pollution and maintenance costs. Instead, I recommend that the Town of Philipstown adopt Environmentally Sensitive Maintenance Practices (ESMPs) when maintaining this portion of road as a means of achieving these goals. Specifically, I recommend the following practices:
In conclusion, with changing fiscal, political, and environmental challenges faced by municipalities trying to provide effective road maintenance, as well as growing pressure and demands from residents and motorists, all potential road maintenance schemes should be kept open as available options for municipal road maintenance crews. Since no two roads have identical situations, maintenance programs should differ from road to road, and the factors determining the choice of maintenance program should differ also. While the residents along Old Albany Post Road have different ideas on what maintenance scheme should be employed by the town, and the town has its own plans, I encourage the different interest groups to work together to find solutions that are acceptable to all those involved. Neither safety nor history is my area of expertise. However, just as financial and environmental factors need to be considered when developing a road maintenance program, so too should these other factors important to the community. Since correctly implemented Environmentally Sensitive Maintenance Practices will reduce road maintenance costs and environmental concerns related to unpaved roads while allowing the road to remain unpaved, I would suggest that the Town of Philipstown implement these practices when maintaining the dirt and gravel portion of Old Albany Post Road.
The Center for Dirt and Gravel Road Studies is available to do more detailed maintenance recommendations if the Town of Philipstown is interested in getting a more detailed project plan using ESMPs. Since we are a public entity, the fee for this service is very reasonable. Also, the Center puts on approximately ten two-day Environmentally Sensitive Maintenance Training courses a year for road maintenance professionals at various locations throughout PA. The courses are open to road maintenance personnel from states bordering PA. For more information contact Kathy Moir at 1-866-668-6683, or email Kathy at kam16@psu.edu.
ADDITIONAL NOTES
Below are additional notes from my 10/7/08 visit to Old Albany Post Road.
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